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解决二维和三维静电问题的前沿法式

天堑元法 (Boundary Element Method, BEM) 处置表表电荷
，与险些所有其他贸易法式所使用的步骤相比拥有诸多优势
。这些法式由 Frank Read 教授和 Nick Bowring 教授在曼彻斯特大学的钻研幼组开发
，该幼组是第壹个在电子光学领域利用 BEM 的幼组
，并出版了权威著述《Electrostatic Lenses》(作者：Harting 和 Read)
。Frank 与 Ryan O'Neill 合作
，共同致力于软件的进一步开发
。

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这些法式被誉为带电粒子光学的黄金尺度
。CPO 法式精度极高
，并具备很多其他法式所没有的高阶选项
。若是您但愿实时相识新版本颁布信息
，请思考订阅我们（颁布频率极低的）通讯
。

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CPO 法式：?

• 易于使用
  ，配有具体的在线援手系统
• 蕴含大量易于使用的选项
  ，例如用于焦点优化的自动迭代
• 提供两个版本以满足您的需要：合用于轴对称或平面对称系统的 2 维版本 (CPO2D)
  ，以及合用于所有其他系统的 3 维版本 (CPO3D)
• 支持对电极进行缩放、移动、旋转、拉伸、挤压、裁剪或复造及沉复
• 界面很清澈齐全
  ，配有在线援手系统和教程视频
• 提供 64 位利用法式

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BEM 提供精度和矫捷性：

• 无需网格或节点
  ，仅需电极上的表表电荷
• 与其他步骤相比拥有诸多优势
  ，蕴含精度和速度
• 大量基准测试证明其高精度和高靠得住性
• 凭据状态自动细分电极
• 很适合在存在更大电极的情况下处置微幼电极

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壮大的空间电荷和阴极版本：

• BEM 很适合处置空间电荷和阴极
  ，由于 BEM 是基于电荷的步骤
• 能够轻松界说任一状态和尺寸的阴极
• 提供多种分歧阴极发射类型的菜单选项
  ，从热离子发射参与致发射
• 也支持用户自界说发射个性
• 处置全局空间电荷扩散以及粒子间的随机散射
• 选取审慎且成功的阻尼迭代步骤

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产品版本对比：

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【英文介绍】

World-beating programs for solving 2 and 3-dimensional electrostatic problem

The Boundary Element Method, BEM, deals with surface charges and has many advantages over the methods used in almost all other commercial programs. The programs were developed by Profs Frank Read and Nick Bowring, in the group at Manchester University which was the first to use the BEM in electron optics and which produced the definitive book Electrostatic Lenses, by Harting and Read. Frank has been joined by Ryan O'Neill, working on the further development of the software.

The programs have been described as the gold standard of charged particle optics. The CPO programs are exceptionally accurate and have many advanced options that are not present in other programs.

The CPO programs:

• Are easy to use and have a detailed and comprehensive on-line help system
• Feature a large number of easy-to-use options, such as automatic iteration for focus optimization
• Tailored to your needs with a 2-dimensional version (CPO2D) for axial or planar symmetry, 3-dimensional version (CPO3D) for all other systems
• Enable manipulation of electrodes that can be scaled, moved, rotated, stretched, squashed, cropped or copied and repeated
• Very clear and comprehensive with an on-line help system and tutorial videos.
• Available as a 64-bit application.

The BEM provides outstanding accuracy and flexibility:

• No mesh or nodal points, only surface charges on electrodes
• Many advantages over other methods, including accuracy and speed
• Large number of benchmark tests to prove high accuracy and reliability
• Automatic sub-division of electrodes to suit shape
• Ideal for for small electrodes in the presence of much larger electrodes

Powerful Space-Charge and Cathodes versions:

• BEM is ideally suited for space-charge and cathodes, since the BEM is charge-based
• Cathodes of every shape and size can be easily defined
• Menus for several different cathode emission types, from thermionic to field-emission
• User-defined emission properties also available
• Deals with global space-charge spreading and also particle particle stochastic scattering
• Careful and successful method of damping iterations

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